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Among the royal dynastics of the Cheras, Cholas, Pandiyas, who ruled over Tamil Nadu since the time before the Christ, the Cholas who held a place of esteem had this ancient town for their port capital. Puhar means the estuary or river-mouth of the sea.

There are frequent references to this important port town in ancient Tamil Literature like Akananooru, Purananooru, Pattinappalai, Muthollayiram, Silappathikaram, Manimekalai, Devaram, Thirutthondarpuranam and Nandhikkalampagam. Ancient Pali literature like Milindapan, putthu, Jathakakathaikal, Abithamma Avathar and Puthavamsagatha. And Travelogues of periplus and Merris Erithroy contain the references to this ancient town. Ptolemy and Pliny also mention about Poopuhar in their writings

Somaya, a Buddha Pikkuni from Poompuhar donated one of the beautiful sculpture pillars erected by Sunga kings of North India during the 2nd century B.C The pillar carries the inscription "Kaganthia Somaya Pikkunia Thanam" 9Pillar donated by Somaya Pikkuni of Poompuhar). Buddhism flourished in Poompuhar two thousands years ago.

Details of Poompuhar have been read in the Brahmi-inscription dating back to the second century B.C. in "Barkuth" of North India. The historical details of Poompuhar have also been found in the inscriptions of Sayavanam temple at poompuhar.

The ancient kings like Sembiyan, Musugundan, Manuneethi Cholan and Karikala Cholan who carried myths with them, added to the glory of poompuhar town. Poompuhar grew into a great city during the reign of Karikala Cholan.Inscriptions at Thiruvengadu make a mention of grand festival of Indra, during the latter Chola's times. Poompuhar occupied a significant place during the regime of Kalabras. After the Kalabras in the 6th century A.D., Poompuhar came under the Pallava regime and during that time Pallavaneesswaram temple was built by them. The great Saiva Saints Appar and Thirugnana Sambandar have sanctified the temples with their holy hymns.

With the rise of the latter Cholas in 850 A.D. the city regained its past glory. It is mentioned as " Rajathiraja Valanaatu Nagoor Nattu Kaveripoompattinam" in the Sayavanam temple inscription of Vikrama Cholan. In the same temple, the inscription calls the town "Puhar Nagaram". Later Koppperunchingam also contributed to the grandeur of the place.

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Poompuhar : History