Sarnath,
about 10 kms from the holy city of Varanasi, is the blessed locale where
more than 2,500 years ago Buddha chose to deliver his first sermon, after
attaining Nirvana.
The five disciples who had followed him were
surprised to see the mesmerising flowing countenance of Buddha, who
convinced them and delivered his first sermon before them, now termed
Dharamachakra Pravartan. This set in motion the great Buddhist tradition
of the Sangha, for popularizing the teachings of the great
ascetic,world-wide.
Gautam Buddha with his five disciples formed
the first Sangha alongwith Yasa of Varanasi and his 54 friends.
The beginning of the celebrated Mantra, 'Buddham Sharanam
Gachhami', owes its origin to Sarnath. The three Jewels "I
go for refuge to the Buddha, I go for refuge to the Wheel Of Law, I go for
refuge to the Sangha"
First laid down here, have
remained unchanged ever since. Hence rightly, every Buddhist Pilgrim after
Bodhgaya, endeavours to be blessed with a visit to Sarnath in his life
time.
Dhamekh Stupa bears particular significance at
Sarnath as it signifies the "seat of the holy Buddha", as he
proclaimed his faith. It is about 34 mtrs. In height and inclding the
foundations, it can be measured upto 42 mtrs.
Besides Dhamekh
Stupa, Sarnath also has the ruins of Dharmajajika Stupa and that
of the original Mulgandhakuti Temple which according to Hieun
Tsang was about 61 mtrs. High. Buddha is said to have rested and meditated
here while in Sarnath.
Emperor Ashoka (273 - 232 B.C.), convered
toBuddhism after the Kalinga war and also visited Sarnath. A smooth
glistening stone pillar, called the Ashoka Pillar commemorates his visit
and laid the foundation of the Buddhist Sangha here. The Lion Capital on
top of this pillar is now the National Emblem of India.
The
Chaukhandi Stupa was riginally a terraced temple during the Gupta period
(4th to 6th Century ). However in 1588 A.D., Govardhan, the son of Raja
Todarmal, built an octagonal tower to commemorate the visit of
Humayun-father of Akbar. Govardhan later went on to become the Governor
under Akbar's rule.
Similarly Akbar, the great Mughal Emperor
who revered all religions alike, raised the Chaukhandi Stupa in 1555 A.D.